Gum disease, or periodontal disease, is a common condition that affects the tissues supporting your teeth. If left untreated, it can lead to tooth loss and other health complications.

The early stage, called gingivitis, causes red, swollen gums that may bleed during brushing. This stage is reversible with good oral hygiene and professional cleaning.

If untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, where gums pull away from teeth, forming pockets that become infected. This can destroy bone and connective tissue, leading to loose teeth.

Risk factors include smoking, poor dental hygiene, diabetes, and genetic predisposition. Symptoms may include bad breath, gum recession, and discomfort while chewing.

Prevention involves brushing twice a day, flossing daily, and visiting the dentist regularly for cleanings. Treatment depends on severity and may include scaling and root planing, antibiotics, or surgery in advanced cases.